10 tips for successful public speaking
feeling some nervousness before giving a speech is natural and healthy. it shows you care about doing well. but, too much nervousness can be detrimental. here's how you can control your nervousness and make effective, memorable presentations: 演讲之前感到些许紧张是自然、有益的。这表明你渴望把事情做好。不过，过度紧张则会适得其反。这里教给你一些如何控制紧张情绪，进而使演讲达到预期效果、令人难忘的方法：
1. know the room. be familiar with the place in which you will speak. arrive early, walk around the speaking area and practice using the microphone and any visual aids.
1．熟悉场地。争取熟悉你要发表演讲的环境。提早到达并巡视讲台，练习使用麦克风和其他辅助视觉设施。
2. know the audience. greet some of the audience as they arrive. it's easier to speak to a group of friends than to a group of strangers.
2．熟悉听众。在听众进入会场时向他们致意。向一群友好的人演讲总比对一群陌生人演讲来得容易些。
3. know your material. if you're not familiar with your material or are uncomfortable with it, your nervousness will increase. practice your speech and revise it if necessary.
3．熟悉你的讲稿。如果你不熟悉你的稿子或者对它不满意，你的紧张感就会增强。演练你的演讲稿，并且做必要的修改。
4. relax. ease tension by doing exercises.
4．放松自己。做些准备活动松弛紧张的神经。
5. visualize yourself giving your speech. imagine yourself speaking, your voice loud, clear, and assured. when you visualize yourself as successful, you will be successful.
5．设想你自己演讲时的情景。想象你自己在侃侃而谈，声音洪亮、吐字清晰、充满自信。倘能设想自己成功，你就一定会成功。
6. realize that people want you to succeed. audiences want you to be interesting, stimulating, informative, and entertaining. they don't want you to fail.
6．要意识到在场的人们希望你成功。听众希望你的讲话兴味昂然、催人向上、旁征博引且风趣幽默。他们不愿看到你把事情搞砸。
7. don't apologize. if you mention your nervousness or apologize for any problems you think you have with your speech, you may be calling the audience's attention to something they hadn't noticed. keep silent.
7．不要道歉。假使你说到你的紧张或为你觉得任何讲稿中感到不妥的地方表示歉意，你就可能是在提醒听众注意一些他们其实并未意识到的东西。对此绝口不提就是。
8. concentrate on the message -- not the medium. focus your attention away from your own anxieties, and outwardly toward your message and your audience. your nervousness will dissipate.
8．集中注意力于内容上，而不是形式。把你的注意力从内心的焦虑上解脱出来，转向外在的演讲内容和听众。然后你的紧张感就会逐渐消失。
9. turn nervousness into positive energy. harness your nervous energy and transform it into vitality and enthusiasm.
9．把紧张转化为积极的动力。要控制你的紧张情绪并把它变成活力和热情。
10. gain experience. experience builds confidence, which is the key to effective speaking. a toastmasters club can provide the experience you need.
10．积累经验。经验会带来自信，后者是演讲取得成效的关键。加入司仪俱乐部你就能学到你需要的经验。